The Role of Sadrian‘Ilm al-Nafs (Psychology) in Expounding the Unity of the Universe in Transcendental Philosophy

Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Theoretical Foundations of Islam, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Thought, University of Tehran

Abstract

The correspondence between the macro-anthropo and micro-anthropo is a basic matter in the transcendental philosophy, which helps greatly to explain the various topics of Sadrian philosophy. One of the topics of Sadrian philosophy that needs to be expounded is the unity of the universe with its different dimensions, a mystical problem that has to be rationally explained. The present study explains the unity of the universe in two areas, internal and external, with the descriptive-analytical method and based on Sadrian ‘ilm al-nafs (psychology), and according to Mullā Ṣadrā's innovations in ‘ilm al-nafs, it deals with the application of psychology to the universe as a macro-anthropo; a comparison that is also evident in Ṣadrā's own words. The result of this research is the explanation of the unity of the universe in the external field by expressing the three aspects of collective unity, true-but-shadowy (ḥaqqa-yi ẓillī) unity, and the particular unity of the universe, and in the internal field, it explains the simplicity of the universe in the sense of the simplicity of the first intellect, and considers attention to the levels of the universe as leading to the composition of the universe from matter and form, without the existential multiplicity being obtained in it.

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