Study and Analysis of the Intentionality of Consciousness in the Thoughts of Husserl and John Searle

Document Type : Original Article

Author

associat professor of pnu un

10.22081/nir.2026.73125.1510

Abstract

The nature of consciousness is one of the important and determining matters for man, which is specific to his realm of existence. In Husserl’s phenomenology, consciousness is always focused on something that is outside of itself, and this causes consciousness to always refer to the outside world, and this being something is the most important aspect of consciousness in phenomenology. Therefore, the process of cognition in the consciousness considered by Husserl is based on the intentionality of consciousness, to the extent that the external world precedes consciousness and is considered as dependent on it. For this reason, consciousness is in a two-way relationship with the world. On the other hand, John Searle’s perspective, which is based on physicalistic and naturalistic principles, views consciousness and intentionality in a different and reciprocal framework than Husserl’s; because, according to Searle, consciousness is the product of a process that is rooted in neurobiological actions, or in other words, neural firings, and is considered as a direct product of the brain. For this reason, Husserl considers consciousness to be a high-level process of the brain, of which neural firings are considered its low-level. Therefore, he examines consciousness in a neurobiological manner and considers it the second difficult problem in the philosophy of mind, which he analyzes in depth both in terms of language and mind. Our problem in this research is the analysis of consciousness from the perspectives of Husserl and John Searle, who form two sides of the same coin; therefore, we will examine and analyze this problem in view of these two philosophers.

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References

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